✔ Diabetes
✔ Chronic kidney disease
✔ Kidney and bladder stones
✔ Kidney infections
✔ Kidney cysts
✔ Kidney injury
✔ Renal tubular disease
✔ Glomerular disorders
✔ Renal vascular diseases
✔ Acute/chronic renal failures
✔ Urine abnormalities
✔ Nephrotic syndrome
✔ Acid-base imbalances
✔ Tubulointerstitial diseases
✔ Drugs/toxins’ effect on kidneys
✔ Kidney, urethra or bladder cancer
✔ Autoimmune disorders (lupus nephritis and vasculitis)
✔ End-Stage Kidney Disease
✔ Kidney Stones
✔ Kidney Transplant
✔ Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances
✔ Intrinsic kidney diseases- diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis
✔ Proteinuria (protein in the urine)
✔ Haematuria (blood in the urine)
✔ Anaemia related to kidney disease
✔ Bone disease related to kidney disease
✔ Fluid and electrolyte disorders.